Ibn Manẓūr says in Lisān al-ʿArab:

“And al-tiwalah, with kasr of the tāʾ is what causes the wife to be loved by her husband. And in al-Muḥkam: al-tiwalah is what causes love between a man and woman.”

Ibn Manẓūr quotes Ibn al-Athīr as saying: “al-Tiwalah – with kasr of the tāʾ and fatḥ of the waw – is what causes the wife to be loved by her husband through magic (siḥr) and besides. Ibn Masʿūd made it a part of shirk (polytheism) because of their belief that it causes, and does, what is contrary to what Allāh the Exalted decrees.”

Ibn al-Aʿrābī said, “tāla – yatūlu is to treat with al-tiwalah which is magic (siḥr).”